What are monoclonal antibodies?

Monoclonal antibodies are specifically engineered antibodies that are produced in a laboratory setting to replicate the immune response of the body. They are created by cloning a unique white blood cell, which results in a population of identical cells that all produce the same type of antibody. This process allows for the generation of large quantities of highly specific antibodies that can target particular antigens, such as those found on cancer cells or viruses.

These monoclonal antibodies can be used in various therapeutic applications and diagnostic tests, providing a targeted approach in treating conditions like cancer, autoimmune diseases, and infections. Their design allows for precise targeting, which can minimize side effects compared to broader treatments.

In contrast, natural antibodies from recovered patients refer to the body's own response after infection or vaccination and don't specifically target an antigen as monoclonal antibodies do. Antibodies derived from animal sources are typically polyclonal and can react with multiple antigens rather than being specific, like monoclonal antibodies. Lastly, a form of virus to enhance immune responses pertains to immunotherapy strategies but does not describe monoclonal antibodies, which are proteins designed to specifically bind to antigens.