What is a bilateral mastectomy?

A bilateral mastectomy refers to the surgical removal of both breasts, typically performed in cases of breast cancer or as a preventive measure for individuals who are at high risk of developing breast cancer. This procedure may be recommended when cancer is present in both breasts or when there is a significant risk of cancer recurrence in one or both breasts. The goal of a bilateral mastectomy is to reduce the risk of cancer spreading and to alleviate concern about future cancer development.

In contrast, the other options address different procedures or treatments. The removal of just one breast is known as a unilateral mastectomy, while radiation therapy is a treatment modality aimed at destroying cancer cells rather than a surgical procedure. Lastly, a diagnostic procedure typically involves tests or evaluations such as biopsies or imaging studies, which help to assess conditions rather than remove tissue. Thus, the correct option highlights the specific nature of this surgical intervention.